It is commonly defined as the psychology rooted on the ideas, experiences, and cultural orientation of the Filipino people. Basic elements and features of Sikolohiyang Pilipino. assessment of the Filipino personality. Utang na loob was translated by Kaut (1961) as debt of unacceptable action. For example, when an employee is scolded in front of other Theoretical and scientific issues are discussed, as well as social and political issues, psychologies in contact, the etic and emic issue, and the extent to which psychology in the Third World is international or Western. Philippine Psychology is principally postcolonial and is regarded as a kind of Not only do the poor eat different food, if they eat at all, but they also have their own tastes in leisure and entertainment. made tests lock, stock, and barrel, with no attempt whatsoever to adapt these tests And here is where pakikiramdam (sensitivity) is most needed in trying to which is a virtue expected of unmarried Filipino women. On the other side of the cultural from personal responsibility (Andres, 1994, p. 12). with their homeland. Their It is the profound deep inner feeling that fuels all pertinent deeds. Using the same principles of Sikolohiyang Pilipino, social and clinical psychologists The Western influence can be seen more in external ways dressing, liking for hamburger and other food, Western music and dance, etc. It was in the early 1970s that this was initiated when Virgilio Gaspar Enriquez returned to the Philippines from Northwestern University, USA with a Ph.D. in Social Psychology and lost no time in introducing the concept of Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino Psychology). While he agrees with Enriquez on the basic principles of Sikolohiyang Pilipino, especially the importance of culture, the use of the local languages and the development of a national consciousness, there are disagreements or differences on a number of issues. but even without such gestures from outside, it is within you. The U. was the irst university to ofer it. of these traumatized children. Western psychologists themselves, who rally under the banner of cross-cultural psychology have pushed for a universal psychology, as contrasted with the psychology based on generalizations from studies done in industrialized countries. Not only do the poor eat diferent food, if they eat at all, but they also have their academician and layman alike. Carlota (1980) noted several trends in personality measurement, citing developments in the areas of personality testing, and the measurement of abilities and aptitudes, and of deviant behavior. Sikolohiyang Pilipino (SP hereafter), an intellectual and social movement (San Juan, 2006) amongst Filipino scholars, is a response to a perceived level of cultural insensitivity, inadequacy. (1985) also noted the phenomenon of measures being locally developed The choices are:FlammableNoticableAvailableCollectibleDivisibleEdibleEnduranceAttendanceReferenceIntelligence . While the elite speak English and occasionally throw in some French for comfort, the Filipino masses speak Filipino and a regional language (Enriquez, 1992, p. 22). psychology. If you have taken the time to understand their cultural ways, you will know that it is very important to spend time establishing rapport, letting them interview you first so they would feel comfortable enough to disclose their opinions, knowledge and experiences to you. . It is thus concerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, and other spheres of people's daily life. to contribute to universal knowledge, has not shown suicient proof of its scientists (Enriquez, 1987, 1992; Diaz-Guerrero, 1977; Sinha, 1984). Together with She asserts that there is a hegemonic type of consciousness present in culture that needs to be confronted. Lagmay (1977) explained that bahala na is not fatalism but determination and risk-taking. These questions should be accorded the same respect and not avoided (Pe-Pua, 1989). Professors Fredegusto David and Amaryllis Torres responded to Lagmays call. framework for leadership among Filipinos. fatalistic reputation into a value: Devil may care! was transformed into determination in the face of uncertaintya value that stimulates resourcefulness and the creativity to survive Bahala-na stimulates action, not [in]action; it is not invoked to avoid or forget problems; it implies perseverance and hard work; it instills the courage to see oneself through hard times, noted the late Alfredo Lagmay. These depictions filtered into the textbooks of the Philippine educational system, which was already greatly influenced by Western ideas to begin with. is a fatalistic resignation or withdrawal from an engagement or crisis or a shirking (d) Psycho-medical system with religion as cohesive element and explanation. Western behavior patterns as models for the Filipino (Enriquez, 1992, p. 57). entry of Western psychology (mainly American tradition) at Philippine universities. meanings of the word hiya depending on its form nakakahiya (embarrassing), David taught psychology in Filipino the year before he left to pursue his Ph.D. at Temple University in Pennsylvania. humanistic approaches as valid. To the Filipinos, they are being frank about their feelings, but they just do not express this verbally. Pua took of where Bartolome left as far as teaching the subject Sikolohiyang Pilipino number of researchers doing studies on the Filipino child and the Filipino adolescent. In Filipino social interaction, one is immediately placed status of psychology in the Philippines. It is not absolutely obligatory in the For example, in the method of pagtatanong-tanong (literally, asking questions, marked by casualness when in fact, the researcher is truly determined to get answers to his questions), the research participants are free to ask the researcher as many questions as they want, therefore acting much like a researcher themselves. (Nery, 1979), pagdalaw-dalaw (visiting) (Gepigon & Francisco, 1978), and Aside from these major books, proceedings of the conferences on Sikolohiyang Pilipino have been published by the Pambansang Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino (PSSP, National. Reviews on the status of Philippine psychological measurement in the 1970s and 1980s pointed out the twin problem of the inapplicability of foreign-made tests and the dearth of locally developed tests (Carlota, 1980; Guanzon, 1985; Lazo, 1977; Lazo, de Jesus & Tiglao, 1976; Ramos, 1977). Subsequently, the research included For as long as the orientation is western, the growth in psychology will simply be a broadening of the data base which is inadequate for assuring a universal psychology. The analysis-wholeness issue is not a big issue in Sikolohiyang Pilipino. expense of the very people from whom this understanding will spring. argues that the valuing of a universal psychology is not relected in Sikolohiyang Greater Its philosophical antecedents include (a) empirical philosophy, academic-scientific psychology, the ideas and teachings of Ricardo Pascual, logical analysis of language; (b) rational philosophy, the clerical tradition, phenomenology, Thomistic philosophy and psychology; and (c) liberalism, the Philippine propaganda movement, the writings of Philippine heroes Jacinto, Mabini and del Pilar, ethnic psychology. Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology) refers to the psychology born out of the Initially, students avoided classes which were conducted in Filipino because they were used to speaking English inside the classroom from grade school to high school. Filipino people, with all the material and spiritual aspects (Indigenous Filipino Values, n.d.). Enriquez, on the other hand, held that culture is derived from the process of discovering individual psychological elements and themes. lesser emphasis on individual experience and with greater emphasis on the Pakikisama was identified by Lynch (1961, 1973) as a Filipino value, giving it the English translation of maintaining smooth interpersonal relations by going along with the group or the majority decision, i.e., conformity. As early as 1965, he was using the Filipino language in teaching. This may serve as a While there may be diferences in thinking between Salazar and Enriquez as After all is said and done, the more appropriate translation of hiya in English is not shame but sense of propriety. (Read more: A Moral Recovery Program: Building a PeopleBuilding a Nation by Patricia Licuanan). The first one was held in 1975 to discuss the status of psychology in the Philippines. The person helped then feels an obligation to repay the debt in the future when the helper himself (sic) is in need of aid, or he (sic) may repay his debt by sending gifts. debt connotes, because in the Filipino pattern of interpersonal relations, there is Sino po ang may buong kwento ng "Makakapaghintay ang Amerika" by Dionisio Salazar Yun pong full Minsan po kasi cut yung ibinibigay sa akin Pls Dahil sa hamon Globalisasyon, mas pinaiigting ng Pamahalaan ang pagpapaunlad ng Senior High shool sapagkat isa ito sa mga hakabang upang makasabay ang B paano makatutulong sa pagkakaroon ng maayos na relasyon sa kapwa ang paggalang o pagrespeto at pagiging tapat? Enriquez elaborates by saying that psychology in the Philippines is both foreign and indigenous to the culture. STEP 2: Reading The Sikolohiyang Pilipino Harvard Case Study: To have a complete understanding of the case, one should focus on case reading. The test administration procedures were also adapted to Filipino ways (Enriquez & Guanzon, 1985). They share the very same values that Filipinos in the Philippines hold dear, such as respect for elders, sense of family and community, value for education, appreciation of the language, and devotion to religion. Lazo, de Jesus & Tiglao, 1976; Ramos, 1977). during these trips that he was able to inluence scholars living abroad (Filipinos and ideas, concepts, and formulations of Sikolohiyang Pilipino were formally articulated. (Psychology 108) was concerned. the favor is forced to show his (sic) gratitude properly by returning the favor with Social scientists such as Lagmay, Salazar, and Bonifacio took up the challenge in their own research. Sikolohiyang Pilipino has also been applied in industry particularly in the marketing of specific products and understanding consumer behavior. trying to understand the Filipino personality. which were conducted in Filipino because they were used to speaking English inside psychology that takes into account the study of emotions and experienced consciousness, social awareness and involvement, psychology of language and It must be stressed at the outset though that developing a particularistic psychology such as Filipino psychology is not anti-universal inasmuch as the ultimate aim of Sikolohiyang Pilipino is to contribute to universal psychology, which can be realized only if each group of people is adequately understood by themselves and from their own perspective. It is based on assessing historical and socio- science and psychology as an art. gratitude. analyzed and interpreted in the light of Western theories. Born in the province of Bulacan, Philippines, Virgilio Gaspar Enriquez was trained by his father to speak the native tongue fluently since he was a child. The study of psychology as an aspect of philosophy continued in the For example, in a Psychology class exam, he did not translate a certain dream to English because this was an actual dream told to him by a resident of Bulacan. this article.) For him, what is important is the immediate application of psychology in understanding and helping solve the problems in Philippine society. Thus, using American categories and standards, the native Filipino invariably suffers from the comparison in not too subtle attempts to put forward Western behavior patterns as models for the Filipino (Enriquez, 1992, p. 57). MyInfoBasket.comaspires to become a basket-full of valuable infothat your learning here becomes fun and fulfilling! Sikolohiyang Pilipino is anchored on Filipino thought and experience as understood Thus, using American categories and standards, the native Filipino There is also practical work currently going on in the area of feminist psychology. produced. It is also organizational expression. She compared the It is only when these behaviors come in conflict with Western ways that the Filipino gives them a second thought. Today, a large percentage of classes at the One simply has to recognize, appreciate and emphasize Sikolohiyang Pilipino also became more ''responsible'' and responsive to the needs of Filipinos due to the philosophy that we need to make psychology benefit and be of service to the people. In the 1970s and 1980s there were quite a number of these organizations in the Lapen a, Church, Carlota, & Katigbak, 1998). [] Republic Act 1425 Rizal Law (Its History [] Mga Halimbawa ng Kontemporaryong Isyu [] Read: What is the Kojiki (and its Differ [] Ang Pag-Unawa Sa Kaliwa At Kanang Bahagi [] Pagtatasa sa Sarili Kung Nagagawa ang mg Let us differentiate moral standards and non moral standards. It elaborates on indigenous research methods that are more relevant and appropriate to Philippine realities. confrontative surface values. For centuries, Filipino behavior has been analyzed and interpreted in the light of Western theories. into one of these two categories; and how one is placed determines the level of concepts and theories in psychology. The conferences and seminars he initiated generated a wealth of information and experiences exchanged among scholars. when nationalism was sweeping the country. The principal emphasis of Sikolohiyang Pilipino is to foster national identity and consciousness, social involvement, and psychology of language and culture. undergraduate level for the irst time. enculturation/socialization, and proto- clinical practice). in some French for comfort, the Filipino masses speak Filipino and a regional trying to make the university more relevant to the interest of the common tao This is called indigenization from In fact, even before they have said Bahala na! they However, There are at interaction one is shown. There are still no resolutions to these debates at this point. interest in personality testing of the projective type in the 1960s. tradition This was pursued by the University of Santo Tomas and later other In fact, they have their own culture Thus, the move towards understanding the particular nature of Filipino psychology. A woman who was raped is not stripped of her dangal even though her puri culture and ignore the power dynamics at play in given cultural contexts. language (Enriquez, 1992, p. 22). In fact at this point, it can truly be said that Sikolohiyang Pilipino has long started that process through its articulation and elucidation of new concepts and methods that have been considered meaningful not only for Filipinos but also for some other Asian cultures as well. Virgilio Enriquez and Sikolohiyang Pilipino . knowledge of ones true worth, character, achievement and success. One essential ability In many of the research methods, research The root word "akbay" conjures images of lifting up, shoulder on shoulder. For example, having somebody else butt in in the middle of an interview session is not something to be upset over; one should go through the process of getting to know each other first informally before asking questions on topics that are not that common to people. from the foregoing discussion is the fact that, Sikolohiyang Pilipino, several years that the 1970s saw tests developed in creativity, self- perception, personality and The principal emphasis of Sikolohiyang Pilipino is to foster national identity and consciousness, social involvement, and psychology of language and culture. Salazars more emic approach and Enriquezs more etic This is precisely what Virgilio Enriquez (1975) pushed for as he initiated Sikolohiyang Pilipino.

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