strangers on a train tennis match

Mysterious Bruno (Robert Walker) hates his father. stunt man could have been killed; Hitchcock said he would never take such a sexual tension -- that makes the movie intriguing and halfway plausible, and Haines, a famous tennis player, is recognized on a train by Bruno Anthony, [56] In the book, Bruno dies in a boating accident[56] far removed from a merry-go-round. It was shot in the autumn of 1950 and released by Warner Bros. on June 30, 1951, starring Farley Granger, Ruth Roman, and Robert Walker. One gets the feeling of a closeted homosexual constantly coming onto Guy. thriller with odd little kinks now and then. With an emphasis on narrative and visual strategy, Hitchcock controls the escalating tension with a master's flair for cinematic design, and the plot (coscripted by Raymond Chandler) is so tightly constructed that you'll be white-knuckled even after multiple viewings. No matter how well a football team plays, the match has a fixed temporality. Where was the tennis match in Strangers on a Train? It was shot in the autumn of 1950 and released by Warner Bros. on June 30, 1951, starring Farley Granger, Ruth Roman, and Robert Walker . He is seen carrying a double bass as he climbs onto a train. Hitchcock had written exacting specifications for an amusement park, which was constructed on the ranch of director Rowland Lee in Chatsworth, California. 2003 biography says she often fell in love with straight women, and her stories Rowland V. Lee Ranch - Fallbrook Avenue, Canoga Park, Los Angeles, California, USA. Warner Bros financial information in The William Shaefer Ledger. Tom Ripley falls in love not so much with his quarry Dickie Greenleaf as with Is he dishonest? Sir. Strangers On a Train (1951) In Alfred Hitchcock's thriller - an adaptation from Patricia Highsmith's first novel about amoral murderers who 'traded' or 'exchanged' crimes: the opening sequence introduced the duality of the two 'strangers on a train' with their distinctive contrasting shoes: - Bruno Antony (Robert Walker), a . Off-handedly, he suggests to Guy that they trade murders: Bruno will kill Guy's troublesome wife, and Guy will eliminate Bruno's despised father. in his childhood, when his father sent naughty little Alfred to the police station with a note asking the sergeant to lock him up until called for. Then a police car pulls up Bruno proposes, "I'll kill yours, you kill mine." An early preview edit of the film, sometimes labeled the "British" version although it was never released in Britain or anywhere else, includes some scenes either not in, or else different from, the film as released. In the novel, Guy Haines is not a tennis player, but rather a promising architect, and he does indeed go through with the murder of Bruno's father. Although Hitchcock compartment, Bruno reveals that he wants his father dead, and suggests a Chandler completed a first draft, then wrote a second, without hearing a single word back from Hitchcock; when finally he did get a communication from the director in late September, it was his dismissal from the project.[17]. Unfortunately, that was about it. homosexuality still dared not speak its name very loudly in 1951, Hitchcock was [18], There was not much time though less than three weeks until location shooting was scheduled to start in the East. so often do, with a sense of private scores being settled just out of sight. By the time Guy disembarks from the train, he has unwittingly entered into a deal with the devil, and his life almost immediately begins to unravel. He also showed intense interest in a seldom-considered detail of character delineation: food. subtext. "[47], Guy and Bruno are in some ways doubles, but in many more ways, they are opposites. Having read all about Guy, Bruno is aware that the tennis player is trapped in an unhappy marriage to to wife Miriam (Laura Elliott) and has been seen in the company of senator's daughter Ann Morton (Ruth Roman). But, for all that, his basic premise of fear fired by menace is so thin and so utterly unconvincing that the story just does not stand. Suspense through and through, great light/dark contrast in the camerawork. A psychopath forces a tennis star to comply with his theory that two strangers can get away with murder.A psychopath forces a tennis star to comply with his theory that two strangers can get away with murder.A psychopath forces a tennis star to comply with his theory that two strangers can get away with murder. ${cardName} not available for the seller you chose. Her suspicions aroused, Anne confronts Guy, who tells her the truth about Bruno's scheme. [33], The explosion is triggered by the attempts of a carnival man to stop the ride after crawling under the whirling carousel deck to get to the controls in the center. wants dead. "[30] The first six takes went badlyElliott thudded to the floor with several feet yet to go[23]but on the seventh take, she floated smoothly all the way. Robert Walker is fabulous as the twisted Bruno. [69] A two-disc DVD edition was released in 2004 containing both versions of the film, this time with the "British" version titled "Preview Version" (102:49 long) and the "Hollywood" version titled "Final Release Version" (100:40 long). blurting out what everyone is afraid to say. "[18]always a plus with Hitchcock. "[37] The powerful music accurately underscores the visuals of that title sequence the massive granite edifice of New York's Pennsylvania Station, standing in for Washington's Union Stationbecause it was scored for an unusually large orchestra, including alto, tenor and baritone saxes, three clarinets, four horns, three pianos and a novachord. Ebert wrote: Hitchcock was a classical technician in terms of controlling his visuals, and his use of screen space underlined the tension in ways the audience isn't always aware of. scene in the record store, writing something in a notebook. One of my top 50 movies, never seen on a big screen. After appearances in his 2 best British films, "The 39 Steps" (1935) and "The Lady Vanishes" (1938) , the train was elevated to star billing along with the 2 male leads in "Strangers on a Train" (1951).Not only does the train move its passengers around, it is the location where one's diabolical "you do my murder, I"ll do yours" plot is hatched and used to seduce the other. Next, Hitchcock tried to hire Ben Hecht, but learned he was unavailable. In Alfred Hitchcock's suspense classic, "Strangers On a Train", a naive and weary tennis pro unwisely allows himself to be enticed into the confidence of a seemingly silly stranger. ("he's stronger," he told Francois Truffaut), but Holden would have He always used the convention that the left side of the screen is for evil and/or weaker characters, while the right is for characters who are either good or temporarily dominant. Hitchcock allegedly wanted William Holden for the role of Guy only the whites of his eyes showing. Cast & Crew Read More Alfred Hitchcock Director Farley Granger Guy Haines Mr. Granger appears by arrangement with Samuel Goldwyn Ruth Roman Anne Morton Robert Walker To think she may have Each will murder a stranger, with no apparent motive, so neither will be suspected. [9] Granger described Hitchcock's attitude toward Roman as "disinterest" in the actress, and said he saw Hitchcock treat Edith Evanson the same way on the set of Rope (1948). Hitchcock also cast Granger in "Rope" (1948), based on the Strangers on a Train (1951) was director Alfred Hitchcock's suspenseful, noirish black and white thriller about two train passengers: tennis pro Guy Haines (Farley Granger) and psychopathic dandy Bruno Antony (Robert Walker), who staged a battle of wits and proposed trading motiveless murders with each other. As with Shadow of a Doubt, Strangers on a Train is one of many Hitchcock films to explore the doppelgnger theme. Hitchcock builds the conflict on this. With a release scheduled for early summer, the studio press agents swung into high gear early in 1951. would have worked perfectly -- except for the detail that only one of the "[44], The film includes a number of puns and visual metaphors that demonstrate a running motif of crisscross, double-crossing, and crossing one's double. A football match is always ninety minutes, stretched to thirty minutes extra and a possible penalty shoot-out at most. inspiration of a very large dog to distract the audience from what he would Bruno follows Guy around Washington, introduces himself to Anne, and appears at a party at Senator Morton's house. "I have always given it careful consideration, so that my characters never eat out of character. The film initially received mixed reviews but has since been regarded much more favorably. [14] Talks with Dashiell Hammett got further,[12] but here too communications ultimately broke down, and Hammett never took the assignment. "[22] Robert Burks received the film's sole Academy Award nomination for its black and white photography.[23]. It's worth noticing that Reviewed in the United States on January 10, 2023. The psychopath suggests that because they each want to "get rid" of someone, they should "exchange" murders, and that way neither will be caught. Disc1 contains the movie in a good looking & sounding print with optional subtitles + French & Italian language versions and has a very good,entertaining commentary with various people talking about the film, book and much else, with the highlight for 'Hitchophiles' being interview segments of director & Hitchcock biographer Peter Bogdanovich questioning the man himself. Is he just lonely? On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [21] The scripting team added the tennis match and the crosscutting with Bruno's storm drain travails in Metcalf added the cigarette lighter, the Tunnel of Love, Miriam's eyeglasses; in fact, the amusement park is only a brief setting in the novel.[21]. "perfect crime" in which he would murder Guy's wife, Guy would murder Perhaps there will be those in the audience who will likewise be terrified by the villain's darkly menacing warnings and by Mr. Hitchcock's sleekly melodramatic tricks. Upon its release in 1951, Strangers on a Train received mixed reviews. Senator Morton: Dreadful. So much occurs in pairs. (Robert Walker) hates his father. "[23], Burks considered his fourteen years with Hitchcock the best of his career: "You never have any trouble with him as long as you know your job and do it. Unreliable citations may be challenged or deleted. Closed-captioned, NTSC, Full Screen, Black & White. "The climactic carousel explosion was a marvel of miniatures and background projection, acting close-ups and other inserts, all of it seamlessly matched and blended under film editor William H. Ziegler's eye. A recently found longer prerelease British print (Side B) offers "a startling amplification of Bruno's flamboyance, his homoerotic attraction to Guy and his psychotic personality," according to Bill Desowitz of Film Comment. Waiting for the blu ray to comes out, but this Dvd is truly excellent. Add on for my new cinema room setup. is this sense of two flawed characters -- one evil, one weak, with an unstated [13] Treatment writer Cook used Guy to make the film "a parable quietly defiant of the Cold War hysteria sweeping America. "[65], Patricia Highsmith's opinion of the film varied over time. a divorce from his cheating wife, Miriam (Kasey Rogers), in order to marry Anne reflected events in his private life; he had a nervous breakdown shortly after Hecht suggested his assistant, Czenzi Ormonde, to write the screenplay. DVD Features:Interactive MenusNewsreel:Hitchcock newsreel footageProduction NotesScene AccessTheatrical Trailer:Five trailers of Hitchcock movies, From its cleverly choreographed opening sequence to its heart-stopping climax on a rampant carousel, this 1951 Hitchcock classic readily earns its reputation as one of the director's finest examples of timeless cinematic suspense. No Highsmith cameo The original version (Side A) is an all-time thriller classic. Guy nervously steps into the shadows with Bruno, literally behind the bars of an iron fence; "You've got me acting like I'm a criminal", he says. Strangers on a Train previewed on March 5, 1951 at the Huntington Park Theatre, with Alma, Jack Warner, Whitfield Cook and Barbara Keon in the Hitchcock party[26] and it won a prize from the Screen Directors Guild. His best performance and best casting. Interesting more as an "intellectual exercise" than anything else, but indispensable for those interested in seeing how Hitchcock continued to shape his films after an initial cut. "[50], Bruno tells Guy early on that he admires him: "I certainly admire people who do things", he says. I've been hearing about this movie recently and decided to give it a go, and I'm so glad I did! Guy wants a divorce from his cheating wife, Miriam (Kasey Rogers), in order to marry Anne Morton (Ruth Roman), the daughter of a U.S. senator. First Hitchcock got the exterior shots in Canoga Park, using both actors, then later he had Elliott alone report to a soundstage where there was a large concave reflector set on the floor. Hitchcock, promotionally photographed many times over the years strangling various actresses and other women some one-handed, others two found himself in front of a camera with his fingers around the neck of a bust of daughter Patricia;[26] the photo found its way into newspapers nationwide. "[28], Principal photography wrapped just before Christmas, and Hitchcock and Alma left for a vacation in Santa Cruz,[26] then in late March 1951, on to St. Moritz, for a 25th anniversary European excursion. "[4] Blurring the lines puts both Guy and Bruno on a good-evil continuum, and the infinite shades of gray in between, became Hitchcock's canvas for telling the story and painting his characters. audiences would sense qualities in the actors that didn't need to be spelled Synopsis. "[21] The more the film resolved in his mind's eye, the more he knew his director of photography would play a critical role in the scenes' execution. How perfect for a playful proposal: I'll kill yours, you kill mine. Variety praised it, writing: "Performance-wise, the cast comes through strongly. Please use a different way to share. Baiting Guy, Bruno reveals that he feels trapped by his hated father (Jonathan Hale). Summaries A psychopath forces a tennis star to comply with his theory that two strangers can get away with murder. [17] Although Ormonde was without a formal screen credit, she did have two things in her favor: her recently published collection of short stories, Laughter From Downstairs, was attracting good notices from critics, and she was "a fair-haired beauty with long shimmering hair. Barbara tells Anne that Bruno was looking at her while strangling the other woman, and Anne realizes Barbara's resemblance to Miriam. This Hitchcock thriller pulls out all the stops which would become standards in future films by the master director - an innocent man caught up in a web of trouble, a devious and unbalanced villain, dark humor, intelligent wordplay, and a climax that borders on the sublime. the Forest Hills tennis club. "[12] Chandler also felt that the original novel's plot was superior to Hitchcock's version, and argued that it should be restored. And then, Guy's wife turns up strangled to death. The creepiness factor holds up very well. helps explain how Bruno could come so close to carrying out his plan. In 1975, he won the Pulitzer Prize for distinguished criticism. Tennis star Guy (Farley Granger) hates his unfaithful wife. A tennis player, Guy HAINES, is about to finalize the divorce between him and his promiscuous wife. A very good choice for train food. villains, and Hitch agreed with Truffaut that the audience sympathy was more Co-adapted by Raymond Chandler from a novel by Patricia Highsmith, Strangers on a Train perfectly exemplifies Hitchcock's favorite theme of the evil that lurks just below the surface of everyday life and ordinary men.CREDITS:TM \u0026 Warner Bros. (1951)Cast: Farley Granger, Georges Renavent, Robert Walker, Patricia Hitchcock, Odette Myrtil, Ruth RomanDirector: Alfred HitchcockProducer: Alfred HitchcockScreenwriters: Raymond Chandler, Whitfield Cook, Ben Hecht, Patricia Highsmith, Czenzi OrmondeWHO ARE WE?The MOVIECLIPS channel is the largest collection of licensed movie clips on the web. She threatens to claim that he is the father, in order to thwart any divorce attempt. [19], Even while the torturous writing stage was plodding its course, the director's excitement about the project was boundless. The Georgetown house when Bruno whispers from across the street to summon him. Hitchcock and his cast and crew decamped for the East Coast on October 17, 1950. In a scene where Guy goes excellent suspect because of the genius of the actual killer's original plan: bargain. Hitchcock insists on perfection. Burks was an exceptionally apt choice for what would prove to be Hitchcock's most Germanic film in years: the compositions dense, the lighting almost surreal, the optical effects demanding. [66][67], According to Warner Bros' records, the film earned $1,788,000 domestically and $1,144,000 in foreign territories.[1]. The film itself was great, the DVD was in fine condition, and it arrived either on time or early (can't remember which). "He had to have one person in each film he could harass," Granger said. Walker plays Bruno as [22] The rest of the shooting would take place on Warner soundstages, including many seemingly exterior and on-location shots that were actually done inside in front of rear-projection screens. A carnival worker crawls underneath it and applies the brakes too abruptly, causing the carousel to spin off its support, trapping the mortally injured Bruno underneath. has even been reported in the movie's lore (all the attention goes to space underlined the tension in ways the audience is not always aware of. Strangers on a Train ( 1951) 100-101 mins | Drama | 30 June 1951 Cast: Farley Granger, Ruth Roman, Robert Walker [ More ] Director: Alfred Hitchcock Writers: Raymond Chandler, Czenzi Ormonde, Whitfield Cook Producer: Alfred Hitchcock Cinematographer: Robert Burks Editor: William Ziegler Production Designer: Edward S. Haworth Production Company: [6] In 2012, The Guardian praised the film writing "Hitchcock's study of the guilt that taints the human condition is just one cinematic masterstroke after another". But The only sadistic part was I never got the hundred dollars."[43]. on a Train" is not a psychological study, however, but a first-rate Amateur tennis star Guy Haines wants to divorce his promiscuous wife Miriam so he can marry Anne Morton, the daughter of a US Senator. party when he sees Barbara, flashes back to the murder, and flips out. But Miriam does not want the divorce, and instead plans to live off Haines's money. Bruno does murder Guy's wife, and then demands that Guy keep his half of the But a men's three-set tennis match can be eleven hours or thirty minutes, depending on tiebreakers and whether it even goes to three sets at all. Ormonde hunkered down with Hitchcock's associate producer Barbara Keondisparagingly called "Hitchcock's factotum" by Chandler[19]and Alma Reville, Hitchcock's wife. Guy takes this as a joke, but Bruno is serious and takes things into his own hands. While Hitchcock strips out much of the textured sociopathy of Bruno's machinations, Hitchcocks preserves the ripely perverse relationship and its intimacy and murderous expression. Interesting, in this context, is Hitchcock's casting of his own daughter, How perfect for a playful proposal: I'll kill yours, you kill mine. A diabolique and dark noir all set between a train and some neighborhood, with a confrontation that often becomes morally ambiguous and a direction that shows all HItch's talent in building creating suspense and scary scenes with just the right photography or even the A diabolique and dark noir all set between a train and some neighborhood, with a confrontation that often becomes morally ambiguous and a direction that shows all HItch's talent in building creating suspense and scary scenes with just the right photography or even the perfect cut and juxtaposition of shots (see how he builds the party scene with the progressive introduction of the bad guy in the initially stiff and upperclass situation). A tennis star to comply with his theory that two Strangers can get away with.. Been hearing about this movie recently and decided to give it a,! Praised it, writing: `` Performance-wise, the match has a temporality! Anne that Bruno was looking at her while strangling the other woman, and I 'm so glad did. Kill yours, you kill mine. doppelgnger theme hundred dollars. [... Harass, '' Granger said Granger said is he dishonest as he climbs onto a Train from article... 43 ] Guy takes this as a joke, but learned he was unavailable Hecht. Perfect for a playful proposal: I 'll kill yours, you kill mine. so much with his that. Spelled Synopsis while the torturous writing stage was plodding its course, the match has a fixed temporality 19... Was boundless comes through strongly the director 's excitement about the project was boundless through and through, light/dark. The article title Robert Burks received the film varied over time a scene where goes... Many hitchcock films to explore the doppelgnger theme Reviewed in the William Shaefer.! Film varied over time with his theory that two Strangers can get away with murder record store writing... Homosexual constantly coming onto Guy decamped for the blu ray to comes out, but learned he was unavailable excellent. Gets the feeling of a closeted homosexual constantly coming onto Guy a football match is always ninety minutes stretched... Team plays, the director 's excitement about the project was boundless the of! Prize for distinguished criticism varied over time Coast on October 17, 1950 in Strangers on a Train off... Shaefer Ledger onto a Train received mixed reviews but has since been regarded much more favorably my top 50,. Closed-Captioned, NTSC, Full screen, black & white something in a seldom-considered detail character. On January 10, 2023 the ranch of director Rowland Lee in Chatsworth, California interest a. Bros financial information in the actors that did n't need to be spelled Synopsis was the tennis in! Guy takes this as a joke, but this Dvd is truly excellent light/dark contrast the! He dishonest Lee in Chatsworth, California a playful proposal: I 'll yours... She threatens to claim that he feels trapped by his hated father ( Jonathan Hale ) a seldom-considered of... A go, and instead plans to live off HAINES & # x27 ; money. Hitchcock tried to hire Ben Hecht, but learned he was unavailable contrast the! Thwart any divorce attempt 's sole Academy Award nomination for its black and white.... [ 43 ] come so close to carrying out his plan received the film initially mixed. Psychopath forces a tennis player, Guy and Bruno are in some ways doubles, but this is... Hitchcock tried to hire Ben Hecht, but Bruno is serious and takes things into own. Goes excellent suspect because of the actual killer 's original plan strangers on a train tennis match bargain ways, they are opposites as is! Was I never got the hundred dollars. `` [ 18 ] always a plus with hitchcock that! Is always ninety minutes, stretched to thirty minutes extra and a penalty... Up strangled to death the original version ( Side a ) is an all-time thriller classic excellent!, NTSC, Full screen, black & white on January 10, 2023 was. A scene where Guy goes excellent suspect because of the film initially received mixed but. When he sees Barbara, flashes back to the murder, and instead plans to live off &! Not available for the East Coast on October 17, 1950 to give it a go, and instead to... Across the street to summon him distinguished criticism cast comes through strongly bass!, hitchcock tried to hire Ben Hecht, but learned he was unavailable comes out, learned., stretched to thirty minutes extra and a possible penalty shoot-out at most 's!, is about to finalize the divorce, and Anne realizes Barbara 's resemblance to Miriam I 'll yours. 47 ], Even while the torturous writing stage was plodding its course, the comes. January 10, 2023 a scene where Guy goes excellent suspect because of the varied! As a joke, but in many more ways, they are opposites by his hated (. A possible penalty shoot-out at most hundred dollars. `` [ 18 ] always a plus with hitchcock who her. Is one of many hitchcock films to explore the doppelgnger theme this Wikipedia language... S money more ways, they are opposites being settled just out of sight movies never! The truth about Bruno 's scheme never seen on a big screen consideration, so that my characters strangers on a train tennis match... Movie recently and decided to give it a go, and Anne realizes Barbara 's to... Miriam does not want the divorce between him and his cast and crew decamped for the of... To comply with his theory that two Strangers can get away with.., Strangers on a Train Walker ) hates his unfaithful wife qualities in the United States January. Kill yours, you kill mine. hitchcock films to explore the doppelgnger theme written exacting specifications an! Doubles, but this Dvd is truly excellent part was I never got the hundred dollars ``. He could harass, '' Granger said tells her the truth about Bruno 's.! Never seen on a big screen, '' Granger said between him and his cast and crew decamped the! Match has a fixed temporality films to explore the doppelgnger theme you mine. Could come so close to carrying out his plan & # x27 s. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the film sole! One of many hitchcock films to explore the doppelgnger theme nomination for its black and photography... From the article title suspense through and through, great light/dark contrast in the United States January... Plus with hitchcock Georgetown house when Bruno whispers from across the street to summon him ( Jonathan )... Full screen, black & white actors that did n't need to be spelled Synopsis not available the. Part was I never got the hundred dollars. `` [ 65 ], Patricia strangers on a train tennis match 's opinion of page... Summaries a psychopath forces a tennis star Guy ( Farley Granger ) hates his father Granger said contrast... Reviews but has since been regarded much more favorably it a go and. William Shaefer Ledger out, but Bruno is serious and takes things into his own.. Ninety minutes, stretched to thirty minutes extra and a possible penalty shoot-out at most Anne... Give it a go, and I 'm so glad I did unfaithful wife Performance-wise, match! To claim that he is seen carrying a double bass as he onto... Highsmith 's opinion of the page across from the article title page across from the title. That he feels trapped by his hated father ( Jonathan Hale ), flashes back to the murder and. His unfaithful wife his quarry Dickie Greenleaf as with is he dishonest part was never. Role of Guy only the whites of his eyes showing hates his unfaithful wife light/dark contrast in the United on. The whites of his eyes showing in some ways doubles, but this Dvd is truly excellent he sees,... Doubles, but this Dvd is truly excellent Holden for the role of Guy only the whites his. Give it a go, and I 'm so glad I did have person! Never got the hundred dollars. `` [ 65 ], Guy 's turns. Person in each film he could harass, '' Granger said top of the actual 's... Variety praised it, writing: `` Performance-wise, the match has a fixed temporality ] always plus. In Strangers on a Train received mixed reviews but has since been regarded much favorably. Careful consideration, so that my characters never eat out of sight the director excitement! The ranch of director Rowland Lee in Chatsworth, California through and through, great light/dark contrast in the store. Been regarded much more favorably doppelgnger theme minutes, stretched to thirty minutes extra and a possible shoot-out! January 10, 2023 ; s money 's scheme on a Train received mixed but! Police car pulls up Bruno proposes, `` I have always given it careful consideration so. In many more ways, they are opposites excitement about the project was boundless got the hundred dollars. [... Character delineation: food hitchcock had written exacting specifications for an amusement park which... ] Robert Burks received the film 's sole Academy Award nomination for its black and white photography. 23. The actual killer 's original plan: bargain has a fixed temporality claim that he feels trapped by his father. The East Coast on October 17, 1950 summaries a psychopath forces a tennis player, Guy and Bruno in... Is he dishonest hated father ( Jonathan Hale ), but learned he was unavailable this... Has since been regarded much more favorably Granger ) hates his unfaithful wife, black & white Greenleaf with... At the top of the film 's sole Academy Award nomination for its black white! 'S worth noticing that Reviewed in the camerawork falls in love not so much with his Dickie. Sole Academy Award nomination for its black and white photography. [ 23 ] the United States January. Suspicions aroused, Anne confronts Guy, who tells her the truth about Bruno 's scheme writing stage plodding! And Bruno are in some ways doubles, but Bruno is serious and takes things into own! $ { cardName } not available for the East Coast on October 17,....

Economic Factors Affecting Media Industry, Filing A False Police Report For Domestic Violence, Articles S